diff --git a/07/hvm.py b/07/hvm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c33d779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/07/hvm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import sys
+import os
+
+class Parser:
+    # reads VM commands and breaks them into components
+
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        # load and clean VM file
+        self.commands = []
+        self.current_command = ""
+        self.command_index = -1
+
+        with open(filename, 'r') as file:
+            for line in file:
+                line = line.strip()
+                # remove comments
+                if '//' in line:
+                    line = line[:line.index('//')]
+                line = line.strip()
+                # skip empty lines
+                if line:
+                    self.commands.append(line)
+
+    def hasMoreCommands(self):
+        return self.command_index + 1 < len(self.commands)
+
+    def advance(self):
+        # move to next command
+        if self.hasMoreCommands():
+            self.command_index += 1
+            self.current_command = self.commands[self.command_index]
+
+    def commandType(self):
+        # identify command type
+        parts = self.current_command.split()
+        command = parts[0]
+
+        if command in ['add', 'sub', 'neg', 'eq', 'gt', 'lt', 'and', 'or', 'not']:
+            return 'C_ARITHMETIC'
+        elif command == 'push':
+            return 'C_PUSH'
+        elif command == 'pop':
+            return 'C_POP'
+        else:
+            return 'C_UNKNOWN'
+
+    def arg1(self):
+        # extract first arg
+        if self.commandType() == 'C_ARITHMETIC':
+            return self.current_command.split()[0]
+        else:
+            return self.current_command.split()[1]
+
+    def arg2(self):
+        # extract second arg for push/pop
+        if self.commandType() in ['C_PUSH', 'C_POP']:
+            return int(self.current_command.split()[2])
+        return None
+
+
+class CodeWriter:
+    # generates assembly from VM commands
+
+    def __init__(self, output_file):
+        # init code writer
+        self.output_file = open(output_file, 'w')
+        self.label_counter = 0
+        self.filename = None
+
+    def setFileName(self, filename):
+        # set current filename for static vars
+        self.filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
+
+    def writeArithmetic(self, command):
+        # write arithmetic command
+        if command == 'add':
+            self.writeBinaryOp('+')
+        elif command == 'sub':
+            self.writeBinaryOp('-')
+        elif command == 'and':
+            self.writeBinaryOp('&')
+        elif command == 'or':
+            self.writeBinaryOp('|')
+        elif command == 'neg':
+            self.writeUnaryOp('-')
+        elif command == 'not':
+            self.writeUnaryOp('!')
+        elif command == 'eq':
+            self.writeComparison('JEQ')
+        elif command == 'gt':
+            self.writeComparison('JGT')
+        elif command == 'lt':
+            self.writeComparison('JLT')
+
+    def writePushPop(self, command, segment, index):
+        # write push or pop command
+        if command == 'C_PUSH':
+            self.writePush(segment, index)
+        elif command == 'C_POP':
+            self.writePop(segment, index)
+
+    def writeBinaryOp(self, op):
+        # binary arithmetic operation
+        # pop y to D
+        self.popToD()
+        # pop x, compute x op y
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("AM=M-1\n")
+        if op == '+':
+            self.output_file.write("M=M+D\n")
+        elif op == '-':
+            self.output_file.write("M=M-D\n")
+        elif op == '&':
+            self.output_file.write("M=M&D\n")
+        elif op == '|':
+            self.output_file.write("M=M|D\n")
+        # inc stack pointer
+        self.incSP()
+
+    def writeUnaryOp(self, op):
+        # unary arithmetic operation
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=M-1\n")
+        if op == '-':
+            self.output_file.write("M=-M\n")
+        elif op == '!':
+            self.output_file.write("M=!M\n")
+
+    def writeComparison(self, jumpType):
+        # comparison operation
+        # pop y to D
+        self.popToD()
+        # pop x
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("AM=M-1\n")
+        # compute x - y
+        self.output_file.write("D=M-D\n")
+        trueLabel = f"TRUE_{self.label_counter}"
+        endLabel = f"END_{self.label_counter}"
+        self.label_counter += 1
+
+        # jump if condition
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{trueLabel}\n")
+        self.output_file.write(f"D;{jumpType}\n")
+        # false case: push 0
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=M\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=0\n")
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{endLabel}\n")
+        self.output_file.write("0;JMP\n")
+        # true case: push -1
+        self.output_file.write(f"({trueLabel})\n")
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=M\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=-1\n")
+        self.output_file.write(f"({endLabel})\n")
+        # inc stack pointer
+        self.incSP()
+
+    def writePush(self, segment, index):
+        # push command
+        if segment == 'constant':
+            # push constant val
+            self.output_file.write(f"@{index}\n")
+            self.output_file.write("D=A\n")
+            self.pushD()
+        elif segment == 'local':
+            self.pushFromSeg("LCL", index)
+        elif segment == 'argument':
+            self.pushFromSeg("ARG", index)
+        elif segment == 'this':
+            self.pushFromSeg("THIS", index)
+        elif segment == 'that':
+            self.pushFromSeg("THAT", index)
+        elif segment == 'temp':
+            # temp starts at RAM[5]
+            self.output_file.write(f"@{5 + index}\n")
+            self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+            self.pushD()
+        elif segment == 'pointer':
+            # pointer 0=THIS, 1=THAT
+            if index == 0:
+                self.output_file.write("@THIS\n")
+            else:
+                self.output_file.write("@THAT\n")
+            self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+            self.pushD()
+        elif segment == 'static':
+            # static vars are filename.index
+            self.output_file.write(f"@{self.filename}.{index}\n")
+            self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+            self.pushD()
+
+    def writePop(self, segment, index):
+        # pop command
+        if segment == 'local':
+            self.popToSeg("LCL", index)
+        elif segment == 'argument':
+            self.popToSeg("ARG", index)
+        elif segment == 'this':
+            self.popToSeg("THIS", index)
+        elif segment == 'that':
+            self.popToSeg("THAT", index)
+        elif segment == 'temp':
+            # pop to temp
+            self.popToD()
+            # !! ram starts at address 5 !!
+            self.output_file.write(f"@{5 + index}\n")
+            self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+        elif segment == 'pointer':
+            # pop to pointer
+            self.popToD()
+            if index == 0:
+                self.output_file.write("@THIS\n")
+            else:
+                self.output_file.write("@THAT\n")
+            self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+        elif segment == 'static':
+            # pop to static var
+            self.popToD()
+            # use filename here because static vars need unique names
+            self.output_file.write(f"@{self.filename}.{index}\n")
+            self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+
+    def pushFromSeg(self, segName, index):
+        # push val from memory segment
+        # get base addr
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{segName}\n")
+        self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+        # add index
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{index}\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=D+A\n")
+        # get val
+        self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+        self.pushD()
+
+    def popToSeg(self, segName, index):
+        # pop val to memory segment
+        # compute target addr in R13
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{segName}\n")
+        self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+        self.output_file.write(f"@{index}\n")
+        self.output_file.write("D=D+A\n")
+        self.output_file.write("@R13\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+        # pop val
+        self.popToD()
+        # store in target
+        self.output_file.write("@R13\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=M\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+
+    def pushD(self):
+        # push D onto stack
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("A=M\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=D\n")
+        self.incSP()
+
+    def popToD(self):
+        # pop stack to D
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("AM=M-1\n")
+        self.output_file.write("D=M\n")
+
+    def incSP(self):
+        # inc stack pointer
+        self.output_file.write("@SP\n")
+        self.output_file.write("M=M+1\n")
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.output_file.close()
+
+
+def translateVMFile(vmFile, asmFile):
+    # translate single VM file to assembly
+    parser = Parser(vmFile)
+    codeWriter = CodeWriter(asmFile)
+    codeWriter.setFileName(vmFile)
+
+    while parser.hasMoreCommands():
+        parser.advance()
+        cmdType = parser.commandType()
+
+        if cmdType == 'C_ARITHMETIC':
+            codeWriter.writeArithmetic(parser.arg1())
+        elif cmdType in ['C_PUSH', 'C_POP']:
+            codeWriter.writePushPop(cmdType, parser.arg1(), parser.arg2())
+
+    codeWriter.close()
+
+
+def main():
+    # translate VM directory to assembly
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("Usage: python hvm.py <directory>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    inputPath = sys.argv[1]
+
+    if not os.path.exists(inputPath):
+        print(f"Error: Path '{inputPath}' not found")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if os.path.isfile(inputPath):
+        # single file mode
+        if not inputPath.endswith('.vm'):
+            print("Error: Input file must have .vm extension")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        outputFile = inputPath[:-3] + '.asm'
+        translateVMFile(inputPath, outputFile)
+        print(f"Translated '{inputPath}' to '{outputFile}'")
+
+    elif os.path.isdir(inputPath):
+        # directory mode
+        vmFiles = [f for f in os.listdir(inputPath) if f.endswith('.vm')]
+
+        if not vmFiles:
+            print(f"Error: No .vm files found in directory '{inputPath}'")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        # output file is dir name + .asm
+        dirName = os.path.basename(inputPath.rstrip('/'))
+        outputFile = os.path.join(inputPath, dirName + '.asm')
+
+        # translate first VM file found
+        vmFile = os.path.join(inputPath, vmFiles[0])
+        translateVMFile(vmFile, outputFile)
+        print(f"Translated '{vmFile}' to '{outputFile}'")
+
+    else:
+        print(f"Error: '{inputPath}' is neither file nor directory")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()